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Acidity

The quantitative capacity of aqueous solutions to react with hydroxyl ions. It is measured by titration with a standard solution of base to a specified end point.

 
activated sludge process
removes organic matter from sewage by saturating it with air and microbial organisms.
 
advanced waste treatment
any treatment method or process employed following biological treatment (1) to reduce pollution load (2) to remove substances that may be harmful to receiving waters or the environment (3) to produce a high-quality effluent suitable for reuse in any specific manner or for discharge under critical conditions. The term tertiary treatment is commonly used to denote advanced waste treatment methods.
 
aerobic
living or occurring only in the presence of oxygen.
 
algaecide
chemical agent added to water to destroy algae.
 
anaerobic biological treatment
any waste treatment process utilizing anaerobic or facultative organisms in the absence of air to reduce the organic matter in water.
 
anaerobic waste treatment
(sludge processing) waste stabilization brought about through the action of microorganisms in the absence of air or elemental oxygen.
 
anhydrous
a term meaning without water.
 
aquifer
a subsurface geological structure that contains water.
 
atom
the smallest particle of an element which can exist alone or enter into a chemical combination.
 
atomic absorption
quantitative chemical method used for the analysis of elemental constituents.
 
atomic mass
the mass of an atom expressed in atomic mass units (amu); the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
 
atomic number
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
 
autooxidation
oxidation caused by the atmosphere; an oxidation reaction that is self-catalyzed and spontaneous; an oxidation reaction begun only by an inductor.
 

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